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The Aztecs were an indigenous civilization that existed in what is now modern-day Mexico from the 14th to the 16th centuries. They were known for their advanced agricultural practices, impressive architectural achievements, and complex social and political systems.
The Aztecs founded their capital city, Tenochtitlan, in 1325. Located on an island in Lake Texcoco, the city was connected to the mainland by a series of causeways and canals. It was a bustling urban center with grand temples, palaces, and public marketplaces.
Agriculture was the foundation of Aztec society. They developed innovative farming techniques such as chinampas, or “floating gardens,” which were artificial islands made of mud and vegetation on which crops were grown. This allowed them to grow crops in the marshy terrain surrounding their city.
The Aztecs had a highly organized social structure. At the top was the emperor, who was considered divine and ruled with absolute power. Below him were nobles, priests, and warriors, followed by commoners and slaves. Social mobility was possible through military achievements.
Religion played a central role in Aztec society. They worshiped many gods and believed in the cyclical nature of time. Human sacrifice was an important religious practice for the Aztecs, and thousands of captives were sacrificed every year to appease the gods.
The Aztecs had a sophisticated system of trade and commerce. They used cocoa beans as currency and conducted extensive long-distance trade. They also imposed tribute on conquered peoples, which further enriched their economy.
The downfall of the Aztec Empire came with the arrival of Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes in 1519. The Aztecs initially welcomed Cortes, mistaking him for the god Quetzalcoatl, but tensions quickly grew. Cortes formed alliances with rival tribes and, with superior military technology, toppled the Aztec Empire in 1521.
Overall, the Aztecs were a complex and advanced civilization that left a lasting impact on the history and culture of Mexico. Despite their eventual downfall, their architectural achievements, agricultural practices, and cultural traditions continue to be studied and appreciated to this day.
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